{ "document_id": "fresh-bethgelab-298331", "source_sha256": "b7eff773bb1f99e0ec70566688feff4ba5a0189784a14a115bf01994215833e7", "kind": "ku", "status": "generated", "result": { "schema_version": "1.0", "title": "A six-month periodic fasting reduces microalbuminuria and improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy: a randomized controlled study", "abstract_sha256": "", "mode": "sequential", "model": "trained", "config": { "mode": "sequential", "chunk_words": 1000, "context_words": 0, "previous_units": 10, "canonicalize": false, "minhash_permutations": 16, "canonicalization_max_tokens": 4096, "parse_retries": 0 }, "knowledge_units": [ { "chunk_index": 0, "context_summary": "A randomized controlled study assessed the effects of a six-month fasting-mimicking diet versus a Mediterranean diet on patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. The study found that the fasting-mimicking diet reduced microalbuminuria and HOMA-IR, but not macroalbuminuria, with effects sustained only at the three-month follow-up. The researchers suggest that the lack of change in dicarbonyl detoxification and DNA-damage markers may explain the relapse of albuminuria.", "entities": [ { "name": "six-month periodic fasting", "entity_id": "six_month_periodic_fasting", "entity_type": "method", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "duration": "six months", "diet_type": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "reduces", "target": "microalbuminuria", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "improves", "target": "metabolic control", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "reduces", "target": "HOMA-IR", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "reduces", "target": "suPAR", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "entity_id": "fasting_mimicking_diet_fmd", "entity_type": "method", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "n_patients": 21, "duration": "six months" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "compared_to", "target": 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The FMD involved specific caloric and macronutrient compositions for five consecutive days each month, while the M-Diet maintained caloric intake. 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"target": "HOMA-IR, plasma MG-H1, plasma MG, Glo-1 activity, pGlo-1 expression, hydroxyacetone, plasma AC profile, yH2Ax expression, suPAR", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "ACR", "entity_id": "acr", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "unit": "absolute difference of change", "measurement_frequency": "baseline, three diet cycles, six diet cycles" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "primary_endpoint_of", "target": "randomized controlled study", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "subgroup_analysis_performed_for", "target": "micro-versus macroalbuminuria levels at baseline", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "HOMA-IR", "entity_id": "homa_ir", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "unit": "absolute difference of change", "measurement_frequency": "three diet cycles, six diet cycles" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "secondary_endpoint_of", "target": "randomized controlled 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"context_summary": "The study found that the fasting-mimicking diet reduced microalbuminuria and HOMA-IR, but not macroalbuminuria, with effects sustained only at the three-month follow-up. The researchers suggest that the lack of change in dicarbonyl detoxification and DNA-damage markers may explain the relapse of albuminuria.", "entities": [ { "name": "six-month periodic fasting", "entity_id": "six_month_periodic_fasting", "entity_type": "method", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "duration": "six months", "frequency": "periodic", "diet_cycles": "six" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "reduces", "target": "microalbuminuria", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "improves", "target": "metabolic control", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "sustains_effects_at", "target": "three-month follow-up", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "entity_id": "fasting_mimicking_diet_fmd", "entity_type": "method", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "diet_cycles": "six", "caloric_composition": "Specific calorie and macronutrient compositions for five consecutive days per month " }, "relationships": [ { 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"target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "HOMA-IR", "entity_id": "homa_ir", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "reduction_after_six_cycles": "60%", "reduction_after_three_cycles": "not_specified" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "eGFR based on cystatin C", "entity_id": "egfr_based_on_cystatin_c", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "difference_after_six_cycles": "8.3 ml/min/1.73m²", "difference_after_three_cycles": "2.4 ml/min/1.73m²" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "suPAR", "entity_id": "supar", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "difference_after_three_cycles": "214.8 pg/ml", "difference_after_six_cycles": "156.6 pg/ml" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "HbA1c", "entity_id": "hba1c", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "reduction_after_six_cycles": "1.1%" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "fasting plasma glucose (FPG)", "entity_id": "fasting_plasma_glucose_fpg", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "change_after_six_cycles": "comparable between groups" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "HOMA-IR in non-insulin treated participants", "entity_id": "homa_ir_in_non_insulin_treated_participants", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "reduction_after_six_cycles": "60%" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": 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" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "plasma MG-H1", "entity_id": "plasma_mg_h1", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "reduction_after_three_cycles": "62%" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "affected_by", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "acetylcarnitine levels (C2)", "entity_id": "acetylcarnitine_levels_c2", "entity_type": "measurement", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "increase_after_three_cycles": "in responders" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "associated_with", "target": "responders", "attributes": {}, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "responders", "entity_id": "responders", "entity_type": "concept", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "definition": "participants with at least 30% improvement in ACR" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "have_lower_baseline_ACR", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": { "value": "85.7 mg/g" }, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "have_lower_baseline_ACR", "target": "Mediterranean diet", "attributes": { "value": "55.5 mg/g" }, "target_id": null } ] }, { "name": "non-responders", "entity_id": "non_responders", "entity_type": "concept", "aliases": [], "attributes": { "definition": "participants without at least 30% improvement in ACR" }, "relationships": [ { "predicate": "have_higher_baseline_ACR", "target": "fasting-mimicking diet (FMD)", "attributes": { "value": "271 mg/g" }, "target_id": null }, { "predicate": "have_higher_baseline_ACR", "target": "Mediterranean diet", "attributes": { "value": "563.0 mg/g" }, "target_id": null } ] } ], "source": { "chunk_index": 2, "start_word": 1975, "end_word": 2958, "word_count": 983, "sha256": "87b01caf118dbbec19a066af33c8354f121c997f8ce6ad6d776f9261a7323b00", "sentence_minhash": [ 6919897742352966, 60625189416255572, 40863640610520970, 10004148275772588, 31941388625203915, 39127440086368283, 89633613770379075, 85390325476433150, 34383880606747972, 2607707833378508, 104535835787444099, 95656761971753031, 38129318889309710, 906306679132868, 95169533629451962, 109206766937244242 ] }, "extraction_warnings": [] }, { "chunk_index": 3, "context_summary": "The study found that the fasting-mimicking diet reduced microalbuminuria and improved metabolic control in type 2 diabetes patients, but these effects were transient and did not alter macroalbuminuria. The diet led to a reduction in antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive medication use, and increased blood ketones, while maintaining comparable glycemic and blood pressure control to the Mediterranean diet group. 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